Algoma Township is located in northeast Kent County, approximately six miles north of the City of Grand Rapids. The Township is about 36 square miles in geographical size. Algoma Township is known for its rolling terrain in which courses the Rogue River and several of its tributaries. The 131 Expressway travels through the center of the township, as does the White Pine Trail State Park. Algoma Township is primarily a bedroom community with some commercial development along 14 Mile Road and Northland Drive and 10 Mile Road at the 131 interchange.

Algoma Township has three school districts including Rockford Public Schools, Sparta Public Schools and Cedar Springs Public Schools.